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Multiple alleles and polygenic traits are fundamental concepts in genetics that help explain the inheritance patterns and variations observed in organisms. Multiple alleles involve the existence of more than two alternative forms of a gene, while polygenic traits involve the influence of multiple genes on a single phenotype.
The main difference between multiple alleles and polygenic traits is that multiple alleles are involved in the determination of a single trait by complete dominance or codominance whereas polygenic traits determine a particular trait in a population by codominance or incomplete dominance of each polygene.
Multiple alleles are a type of genetic variation that can produce a wide variety of phenotypic traits, to sum up. Multiple alleles are characterized by pleiotropy, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity, among other characteristics.
Understanding the difference between multiple alleles and polygenic traits is essential in genetics. Both concepts involve the genetic basis of traits but operate through distinct mechanisms and exhibit different patterns of inheritance and expression.
Multiple alleles makes for many possible dominance relationships. In this case, the black C allele is completely dominant to all the others; the chinchilla cch allele is incompletely dominant to the Himalayan ch and albino c alleles; and the Himalayan ch allele is completely dominant to the albino c allele.
Multiple Alleles (ABO Blood Types) and Punnett Squares. An example of multiple alleles is the ABO blood-type system in humans. In this case, there are three alleles circulating in the population.
Like skin color, many other human traits have more complicated modes of inheritance than Mendelian traits. Such modes of inheritance are called non-Mendelian inheritance, and they include inheritance of multiple allele traits, traits with codominance or incomplete dominance, and polygenic traits, among others, all of which are described below.