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Uncover the mysteries of the oldest civilizations in the world, tracing their legacies and innovations that shaped human history.
From the ancient Egyptians to the lesser-known Jiahu people, the following article briefly explores six of the world’s oldest civilizations. Historians remain puzzled as to how the advanced Maya Civilization could suddenly collapse in 900 CE.
While modern civilizations extend to every continent except Antarctica, most scholars place the earliest cradles of civilizations—in other words, where civilizations first emerged—in modern-day...
Around 4000 B.C., the earliest phase of the Sumerian culture arose as the oldest civilization in the Mesopotamia region, in what is now mostly Iraq. The Sumerians are named after the ancient...
Instead, we present this list of the oldest ancient civilizations chronologically, highlighting each civilization’s lasting impact on the arts, architecture, warfare, or other aspects of human life.
Ancient Egypt, China and Mesopotamia are all frequently cited as long-lasting civilizations, enduring for thousands of years. But which of these societies lasted the longest? It turns out,...
Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which...
History of Mesopotamia, the region in southwestern Asia where the world’s earliest civilization developed. Centered between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the region in ancient times was home to several civilizations, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians.
The first known early cultures appeared around the world nearly 50,000 years ago. Read our complete timeline of the 16 oldest ancient civilizations
The Sumerians are recognized today for numerous contributions to world culture, but this is a fairly recent development. Their history lay buried under sands for centuries and so any references to them in ancient works were misunderstood by scholars since there was no known referent for the allusions.