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Classical mechanics. A pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support such that it freely swings back and forth under the influence of gravity. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back towards the equilibrium position.
Inverted pendulum. Balancing cart, a simple robotics system circa 1976. The cart contains a servo system that monitors the angle of the rod and moves the cart back and forth to keep it upright. An inverted pendulum is a pendulum that has its center of mass above its pivot point. It is unstable and falls over without additional help.
Pendulum. "Simple gravity pendulum" model assumes no friction or air resistance. A pendulum is a device made of a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. [ 1] When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the ...
Double pendulum. A double pendulum consists of two pendulums attached end to end. In physics and mathematics, in the area of dynamical systems, a double pendulum also known as a chaotic pendulum is a pendulum with another pendulum attached to its end, forming a simple physical system that exhibits rich dynamic behavior with a strong sensitivity ...
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
Newsvendor model. The newsvendor (or newsboy or single-period[ 1] or salvageable) model is a mathematical model in operations management and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels. It is (typically) characterized by fixed prices and uncertain demand for a perishable product. If the inventory level is , each unit of demand ...
A Kater's pendulum is a reversible free swinging pendulum invented by British physicist and army captain Henry Kater in 1817, published 29th January 1818 [ 1] for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity. Its advantage is that, unlike previous pendulum gravimeters, the pendulum's centre of gravity and center ...
Not to be confused with the one-dimensional vertical spring-mass system with gravity, cf. also Simple harmonic motion#Mass on a spring. In physics and mathematics, in the area of dynamical systems, an elastic pendulum[ 1][ 2] (also called spring pendulum[ 3][ 4] or swinging spring) is a physical system where a piece of mass is connected to a ...