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  2. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows (" periods ") and columns (" groups "). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences. It is a depiction of the periodic law, which states that when the elements are arranged in order ...

  3. Period (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)

    A period on the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, elements in the same group (column) have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law.

  4. Group (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)

    Group (periodic table) In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [ 1 ] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.

  5. Types of periodic tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables

    Theodor Benfey's arrangement is an example of a continuous (spiral) table. First published in 1964, it explicitly showed the location of lanthanides and actinides.The elements form a two-dimensional spiral, starting from hydrogen, and folding their way around two peninsulas, the transition metals, and lanthanides and actinides.

  6. List of chemistry mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemistry_mnemonics

    The four most common elements in living organisms – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen – may be remembered with the acronym CHON. To remember the elements necessary for agriculture; C arbon, H ydrogen, Ca lcium, Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Mo lybdenum, Chlorine (Cl), B oron.

  7. History of the periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 October 2024. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...

  8. Alkali metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

    Periodic variation of Pauling electronegativities as one descends the main groups of the periodic table from the second to the sixth period. Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density ) towards itself. [ 101 ]

  9. Chemical element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element

    This table organizes the elements by increasing atomic number into rows ("periods") in which the columns ("groups") share recurring ("periodic") physical and chemical properties. The periodic table summarizes various properties of the elements, allowing chemists to derive relationships between them and to make predictions about elements not yet ...

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