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The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are based on the "Framework K–12 Science Education" that was created by the National Research Council. They have three dimensions that are integrated in instruction at all levels. The first dimension is the Disciplinary Core Ideas (the DCIs), which consists of content and concepts specific to four ...
The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, in which lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers. Lexile scores are assigned based on ...
The standards-based National Education Goals (Goals 2000) were set by the U.S. Congress in the 1990s. Many of these goals were based on the principles of outcomes-based education, and not all of the goals were attained by the year 2000 as was intended. The movement resulted in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, which required that ...
Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements for varying levels of achievements in a course. Grades can be assigned as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), as a percentage, or as a number out of a possible total (often out of 100).
In addition, on the 2005 National Assessment of Education Progress, 4th and 8th-grade students scored as well or better in reading, science, and mathematics. [28] During high school, students (usually in 11th grade) may take one or more standardized tests depending on their post-secondary education preferences and their local graduation ...
2nd grade 8–9 Year 4 Second year Junior 3rd grade 9–10 Year 5 Third year Junior 4th grade 10–11 Year 6 Fourth year Junior 5th grade Secondary school / High school Middle school Junior high school; 11–12 Year 7 First form [25] Key Stage 3 6th grade 12–13 Year 8 Second form 7th grade 13–14 Year 9 Third form 8th grade
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.