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  2. Peace of Westphalia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia

    The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede, pronounced [vɛstˈfɛːlɪʃɐ ˈfʁiːdə] ⓘ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous ...

  3. Westphalian system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalian_system

    Westphalian system. The Westphalian system, also known as Westphalian sovereignty, is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory. The principle developed in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, based on the state theory of Jean Bodin and the natural law teachings of Hugo Grotius.

  4. Peace of Augsburg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg

    The Peace of Augsburg (German: Augsburger Frieden), also called the Augsburg Settlement, [ 1 ] was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 in the German city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christianity ...

  5. Thirty Years' War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years'_War

    Holy Roman Empire after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. The Peace of Westphalia actually consisted of three separate agreements; the Peace of Münster between Spain and the Dutch Republic, the Treaty of Osnabrück between the Empire and Sweden, plus the Treaty of Münster between the Empire and France. Preliminary discussions began in 1642 but ...

  6. Congress of Vienna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna

    The national boundaries within Europe agreed upon by the Congress of Vienna Frontispiece of the Acts of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna [a] of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. [1]

  7. Cuius regio, eius religio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuius_regio,_eius_religio

    Cuius regio, eius religio (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈku.jus ˈre.d͡ʒi.o ˈe.jus reˈli.d͡ʒi.o]) is a Latin phrase which literally means "whose realm, their religion " – meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled. This legal principle marked a major development in the collective (if not individual ...

  8. Nine Years' War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Years'_War

    The Treaties of Nijmegen (1678) and the earlier Peace of Westphalia (1648) provided Louis XIV with the justification for the Reunions. These treaties had awarded France territorial gains, but owing to the vagaries of their language (as with most treaties of the time) they were notoriously imprecise and self-contradictory, and never specified ...

  9. French–Habsburg rivalry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French–Habsburg_rivalry

    Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. ... Following the peace treaty of Munster in 1648 and, more particularly, the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, ...