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The Perceived Stress Scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive (appraise) that their demands exceed their ability to cope. The PSS was published in 1983, [ 1 ] and has become one of the most widely used ...
Paul Joseph Cohen (April 2, 1934 – March 23, 2007) [1] was an American mathematician. He is best known for his proofs that the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of choice are independent from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, for which he was awarded a Fields Medal.
The Sally–Anne test is a psychological test originally conceived by Daniel Dennett, used in developmental psychology to measure a person's social cognitive ability to attribute false beliefs to others. [ 1 ] Based on the earlier ground-breaking study by Wimmer and Perner (1983), [ 2 ] the Sally–Anne test was so named by Simon Baron-Cohen ...
Need for cognition. The need for cognition (NFC), in psychology, is a personality variable reflecting the extent to which individuals are inclined towards effortful cognitive activities. [1][2] Need for cognition has been variously defined as "a need to structure relevant situations in meaningful, integrated ways" and "a need to understand and ...
Empathising–systemising theory. The empathising–systemising (E–S) theory is a controversial [1][2][3] theory on the psychological basis of autism and male–female neurological differences originally put forward by English clinical psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen. It classifies individuals based on abilities in empathic thinking (E) and ...
Empathy quotient (EQ) is a psychological self-report measure of empathy developed by Simon Baron-Cohen and Sally Wheelwright at the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. EQ is based on a definition of empathy that includes cognition and affect. According to the authors of the measure, empathy is a combination of the ability to ...
The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a study on delayed gratification in 1970 led by psychologist Walter Mischel, a professor at Stanford University. [1] In this study, a child was offered a choice between one small but immediate reward, or two small rewards if they waited for a period of time. During this time, the researcher left the child ...
Test anxiety. Test anxiety is a combination of physiological over-arousal, tension and somatic symptoms, along with worry, dread, fear of failure, and catastrophizing, that occur before or during test situations. [1] It is a psychological condition in which people experience extreme stress, anxiety, and discomfort during and/or before taking a ...