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In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. [1] The simplest is phenol, C 6 H 5 OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the ...
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. [ 5 ] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH).
Ferric chloride test. The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. [1] The bromine test is useful to confirm the result, although modern spectroscopic ...
Polyphenols (/ ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, - nɒl /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [ 1 ] They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Alkylphenol. Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related "long chain alkylphenols" (LCAPs). Methylphenols and ethylphenols are also ...
Oxidative coupling of phenols is a chemical reaction wherein two phenolic compounds are coupled via an oxidative process. Oxidative phenol couplings are often catalyzed by transition metal complexes including V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe, among others. Such reactions often form C–C, or C–O bonds between the coupling partners and can be employed as ...
The bisphenols (/ ˈbɪsfɪnɒl /) are a group of industrial chemical compounds related to diphenylmethane; commonly used in the creation of plastics and epoxy resins. [1][2][3] Most are based on two hydroxyphenyl functional groups linked by a methylene bridge. Exceptions include bisphenol S, P, and M. "Bisphenol" is a common name; the letter ...
Nonylphenol arises from the environmental degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are the metabolites of commercial detergents called alkylphenol ethoxylates. NPEs are a clear to light orange color liquid. Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic in water, which means that they have no charge.