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A sol is slightly longer than an Earth day. It is approximately 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds long. A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth days [ 1 ] or 1.88 Earth years.
The corresponding values for Earth are currently 23 h 56 m 4.0916 s and 24 h 00 m 00.002 s, respectively, which yields a conversion factor of 1.027 491 2517 Earth days/sol: thus, Mars's solar day is only about 2.75% longer than Earth's; approximately 73 sols pass for every 75 Earth days.
Since the first Viking Lander touched down on Mars in July 20, 1976, NASA scientists use the convention that the first day of operations of a Lander is called Sol 0, and each Mars solar day, called a Sol is 24 hours and 40 minutes long.
Because Mars rotates on its axis just a little bit slower than Earth does, though, a sol on Mars is 2.75 percent longer than a day on Earth: 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds.
In a nutshell, Sol is the direct replacement for the term ‘day’ when it comes to Mars missions. Coming to the numerical side of things, a sol lasts for about 24 hours and 39 minutes, slightly longer than an average day on Earth.
Mars is a planet with a very similar daily cycle to the Earth. Its sidereal day is 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22 seconds, and its solar day 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. A Martian day (referred to as “sol”) is therefore approximately 40 minutes longer than a day on Earth.
A Mars solar day has a mean period of 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds, and is customarily referred to as a "sol" in order to distinguish this from the roughly 3% shorter solar day on Earth. The Mars sidereal day, as measured with respect to the fixed stars, is 24h 37m 22.663s, as compared with 23h 56m 04.0905s for Earth.