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With around 204 million Muslims (2019 estimate), India's Muslim population is the world's third-largest [93] [94] [95] and the world's largest Muslim-minority population. [96] India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [93] [97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population.
Islam in India. Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad Caliphate under the military command of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. [ 1] It began in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a gradual conquest.
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan ), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.
India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with more than 200 million adherents. [ 24 ] The Middle East - North Africa ( MENA ) region hosts 23% of the world's Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion in every country in the region [ 25 ] other than Israel .
Islam. Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population. Islam first spread along the coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, almost as soon as it started in the Arabian Peninsula, as the Arab traders brought it to South Asia.
The first incursion by Arabs in India occurred around 636/7 AD, during the Rashidun Caliphate, long before any Arab Army reached the frontier of India by land. [11] Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi, the governor of Bahrain and Oman, had dispatched the naval expeditions against the ports and positions of the Sasanian Empire, and further east to the borders of India. [12]
In the British census of India of 1941, Kashmir registered a Muslim majority population of 77%, a Hindu population of 20% and a sparse population of Buddhists and Sikhs comprising the remaining 3%. [34] That same year, Prem Nath Bazaz, a Kashmiri Pandit journalist wrote: "The poverty of the Muslim masses is appalling. ... Most are landless ...
Map of the central Ladakh region. Ladakh is the highest plateau in India with most of it being over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). [20] It extends from the Himalayan to the Kunlun [68] Ranges and includes the upper Indus River valley. The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.