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In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [ 1 ][ 2 ] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes.
The Free Radicals live band includes six or seven members. [3] On recordings — The Rising Tide Sinks All (1998), Our Lady of Eternal Sunny Delights (2000), Aerial Bombardment (2004), and The Freedom Fence (2012) [4] — Free Radicals invites a group of 50 or more musicians and vocalists into the studio.
A free-radical reaction is any chemical reaction involving free radicals.This reaction type is abundant in organic reactions.Two pioneering studies into free radical reactions have been the discovery of the triphenylmethyl radical by Moses Gomberg (1900) and the lead-mirror experiment [1] described by Friedrich Paneth in 1927.
The free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. [ 1 ] A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. [ 2 ] While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically relevant free radicals are highly ...
In organic chemistry, free-radical addition is an addition reaction which involves free radicals. These reactions can happen due to the free radicals having an unpaired electron in their valence shell, making them highly reactive. [ 1 ] Radical additions are known for a variety of unsaturated substrates, both olefinic or aromatic and with or ...
Free-radical halogenation. In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl -substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform (CHCl 3), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2), and hexachlorobutadiene.
e. In polymer chemistry, free-radical polymerization (FRP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free-radical building blocks (repeat units). Free radicals can be formed by a number of different mechanisms, usually involving separate initiator molecules.
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide[ 1 ]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (• N=O or • NO).