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The concept and the name of gauge theory derives from the work of Hermann Weyl in 1918. [1] Weyl, in an attempt to generalize the geometrical ideas of general relativity to include electromagnetism, conjectured that Eichinvarianz or invariance under the change of scale (or "gauge") might also be a local symmetry of general relativity.
A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics. The word gauge means a measurement , a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks ), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition ). [ 1 ]
A gauge theory of elementary particles is a very attractive potential framework for constructing the Grand Unified Theory of physics. Such a theory has the very desirable property of being potentially renormalizable—shorthand for saying that all calculational infinities encountered can be consistently absorbed into a few parameters of the ...
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson.
In theoretical physics, the notion of gauge symmetries depending on parameter functions is a cornerstone of contemporary field theory. A gauge symmetry of a Lagrangian L {\displaystyle L} is defined as a differential operator on some vector bundle E {\displaystyle E} taking its values in the linear space of (variational or exact) symmetries of ...
In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice. Gauge theories are important in particle physics , and include the prevailing theories of elementary particles : quantum electrodynamics , quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and particle physics' Standard Model .
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Gauge symmetry is an example of a local symmetry, with the symmetry described by a Lie group (which mathematically describe continuous symmetries), which in the context of gauge theory is called the gauge group of the theory. Quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics are famous examples of gauge theories.