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The Le Fort II fracture (pyramidal fracture) includes a fracture line from one of the lateral vertical buttresses across the maxillary bone, extending into the inferior orbital rim and crossing the midline (either through the nasal root or nasal bones). [5] The defining feature of this fracture pattern is involvement of the inferior orbital rim ...
Fractures of facial bones, like other fractures, may be associated with pain, bruising, and swelling of the surrounding tissues (such symptoms can occur in the absence of fractures as well). Fractures of the nose, base of the skull , or maxilla may be associated with profuse nosebleeds . [ 1 ]
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears , bruising around the eyes , or blood behind the ear drum . [ 1 ] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear . [ 1 ]
A Le Fort I osteotomy surgically moves the upper jaw to correct misalignment and deformities. It is used in the treatment for several conditions, including skeletal class II malocclusion, cleft lip and cleft palate, vertical maxillary excess (VME) or deficiency, and some specific types of facial trauma, particularly those affecting the mid-face.
The average showing of the incisors when the lips are at rest is 1/3 of its clinical crown height. With maxillary excess, more than 1/3 of the incisors would show. When the patient smiles, maxillary excess would manifest as the entire clinical crown and a portion of the gums showing as well. [42] This is regarded as a ‘gummy smile.’
An additional biopsy for diagnosis of buccal exostosis is not usually recommended, however it is important to rule out the possibility of early osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas. [6] In addition, it is recommended that patients who present with multiple growths showing similar characteristics but not in the classic exostoses locations should be ...
An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar) which is closely related to the antral floor.