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  2. Tourmaline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline

    Main tourmaline producing countries. Tourmaline (/ ˈ t ʊər m ə l ɪ n,-ˌ l iː n / TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

  3. Birthstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthstone

    In 1912, to standardize birthstones, the (American) National Association of Jewelers (now called Jewelers of America) met in Kansas and officially adopted a list. [1]: 317 The Jewelry Industry Council of America updated the list in 1952 [3]: 311 by adding Alexandrite for June, citrine for November and pink tourmaline for October.

  4. Rubellite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubellite

    Rubellite is the red or pink variety of tourmaline and is a member of elbaite. Rubellite is also the rarest gem in its family. [2] It is occasionally mistaken for ruby. [3] These gems typically contain inclusions. [4] Notable countries where rubellite can be mined include Afghanistan, Brazil, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nigeria, Russia, and the United ...

  5. Gemstone industry in Greenland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_industry_in_Greenland

    The company was accused of discouraging the villagers from Qeqertarsuatsiaat and elsewhere in Greenland from coming into the area of their active exploration to remove rubies, even though it was argued that the Greenlanders had the right of mineral access under "Section 32" of the country's Mineral Resources Act administered by the Bureau of ...

  6. Tourmaline Oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline_Oil

    Tourmaline Oil is a Canadian energy company engaged in the exploration, development, and extraction of crude oil and natural gas. It is headquartered in Calgary , Alberta in Canada. A major natural gas producer, it became the largest natural gas producer in Canada in 2021.

  7. Pegmatite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegmatite

    Cerny’s (1991) revision of that classification scheme is widely used, Cerny’s (1991) pegmatite classification, which is a combination of emplacement depth, metamorphic grade and minor element content, has provided significant insight into the origin of pegmatitic melts and their relative degrees of fractionation.

  8. Aquamarine (gem) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)

    Aquamarine is a pale-blue to light-green variety of the beryl family, [2] with its name relating to water and sea. [3] The color of aquamarine can be changed by heat, with a goal to enhance its physical appearance (though this practice is frowned upon by collectors and jewelers). [4]

  9. Jade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade

    Main jade producing countries. Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). [1]