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Hydrogrossular is a calcium aluminium garnet series (formula: Ca 3 Al 2 (SiO 4) 3−x (OH) 4x, with hydroxide (OH) partially replacing silica (SiO 4)).The endmembers of the hydrogarnet family (grossular, hibschite, and katoite) depend on the degree of substitution (x): [2]
Andradite is a mineral species of the garnet group.It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12.. Andradite includes three varieties: Colophonite: a historical variety found in the Scandinavian islands, brownish or reddish in color, often opaque or translucent.
Almandine (/ ˈ æ l m ən d ɪ n /), also known as almandite, is a species of mineral belonging to the garnet group. The name is a corruption of alabandicus, which is the name applied by Pliny the Elder to a stone found or worked at Alabanda, a town in Caria in Asia Minor. Almandine is an iron alumina garnet, of deep red color, inclining to ...
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. It is a cubic yttrium aluminium oxide phase, with other examples being YAlO 3 (YAP [ 2 ] ) in a hexagonal or an orthorhombic, perovskite -like form, and the monoclinic Y 4 Al 2 O 9 (YAM [ 3 ] ).
Demantoid is the green gemstone variety of the mineral andradite, a member of the garnet group of minerals. Andradite is a calcium- and iron-rich garnet. The chemical formula is Ca 3 Fe 2 (SiO 4) 3 with chromium substitution as the cause of the demantoid green color. Ferric iron is the cause of the yellow in the stone.
Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG, Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, with good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. It is typically colorless. It has a cubic lattice, a density of 7.08 g/cm 3 and its Mohs hardness is variously noted as 6.5 and 7.5.
In South American folklore, the carbuncle is a small elusive animal containing a mirror, shining gemstone or riches like gold. [4] [5] The description of the carbuncle vary, some saying it looks like a firefly in the night, or like having a bivalve-like shell and maize ear shape. [4]
The hoard includes almost 4,600 items and metal fragments, [8] [1] totalling 5.094 kg (11.23 lb) of gold and 1.442 kg (3.18 lb) of silver, with 3,500 cloisonné garnets [6] [9] and is the largest treasure of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver objects discovered to date, eclipsing, at least in quantity, the 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) hoard found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial in 1939.