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An incandescent gas mantle, gas mantle or Welsbach mantle is a device for generating incandescent bright white light when heated by a flame. The name refers to its original heat source in gas lights which illuminated the streets of Europe and North America in the late 19th century.
Hahn diligently amassed radioactive material by collecting small amounts from household products, such as Americium from smoke detectors, thorium from camping lantern mantles, radium from old clocks he had obtained from an antique store, and tritium from gunsights.
Radiogenic heat production in the mantle is linked to the structure of mantle convection, a topic of much debate, and it is thought that the mantle may either have a layered structure with a higher concentration of radioactive heat-producing elements in the lower mantle, or small reservoirs enriched in radioactive elements dispersed throughout ...
Some more recent authors seem to have concluded that neither Welsbach mantles nor limelight involve candoluminescence (e.g. Mason [3]), but Ivey, in an extensive review of 254 sources, [1] concluded that catalysis of free-radical recombination does enhance the emission of Welsbach mantles, such that they are candoluminescent.
On 23 September 1885, Carl Auer von Welsbach received a patent on the gas flame heated incandescent mantle light. [8] In 1914, the Coleman Lantern, a similar pressure lamp was introduced by the US Coleman Company. [9] [10] [11] In 1915, during World War I, the Tilley company moved to Brent Street in Hendon, and began developing a kerosene ...
Yttrium is used in gas mantles for propane lanterns as a replacement for thorium, which is radioactive. [71] Garnets. Nd:YAG laser rod 0.5 cm (0.20 in) in diameter ...
In the 1980s it was reported that Thorium's radio-daughters (Decay products) could be volatilized and released into the air upon incandescence of the mantle. [25] [26] A lawsuit (Wagner v. Coleman) was brought against Coleman. The company changed its formulation to use non-radioactive materials, which apparently cost less and last longer. [27] [28]
Another major use in the past was in gas mantle of lanterns developed by Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1890, which are composed of 99% ThO 2 and 1% cerium(IV) oxide. Even as late as the 1980s it was estimated that about half of all ThO 2 produced (several hundred tonnes per year) was used for this purpose. [16]