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Garrett James Hardin (April 21, 1915 – September 14, 2003) was an American ecologist and microbiologist.He focused his career on the issue of human overpopulation, and is best known for his exposition of the tragedy of the commons in a 1968 paper of the same title in Science, [1] [2] [3] which called attention to "the damage that innocent actions by individuals can inflict on the environment ...
In 1968, ecologist Garrett Hardin explored this social dilemma in his article "The Tragedy of the Commons", published in the journal Science. [9] The essay derived its title from the pamphlet by Lloyd, which he cites, on the over-grazing of common land: [10] Therein is the tragedy.
Lifeboat ethics is a metaphor for resource distribution proposed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in two articles published in 1974, building on his earlier 1968 article detailing "The tragedy of the commons". Hardin's 1974 metaphor describes a lifeboat bearing fifty people with room for ten more. The lifeboat is in an ocean surrounded by a ...
Hardin's seminal work serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of unchecked growth. The "tragedy" he describes occurs when individual interests overwhelm and deplete shared resources, leading to ...
For example, in 1968, Garrett Hardin applied this philosophy to land issues when he argued that the only solution to the "Tragedy of the Commons" was to place soil and water resources into the hands of private citizens. [7] Hardin supplied utilitarian justifications to support his argument.
In a more modern example of the CC–PP Game, Hardin attributes the desertification of the Sahel desert to "unmanaged access and overuse." [ 1 ] John D. Aram summarized the tragedy of the commons and the CC–PP Game stating, "Tragic macro effects result from a structure of micro incentives that allows unmanaged access to a fixed resource."
The suit says Sgt. Garrett Hardin had a history of problems that the Harris County sheriff should have addressed, including the injury of a man one week earlier.
Overgrazing is used as an example in the economic concept now known as the Tragedy of the Commons devised in a 1968 paper by Garrett Hardin. [18] This cited the work of a Victorian economist who used as an example the over-grazing of common land. Hardin's example could only apply to unregulated use of land regarded as a common resource.