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Adding or removing elements by calling the methods of the container (also from the same thread) makes the iterator unusable. An attempt to get the next element throws the exception. An exception is also thrown if there are no more elements remaining (hasNext() has previously returned false).
The vector maintains a certain order of its elements, so that when a new element is inserted at the beginning or in the middle of the vector, subsequent elements are moved backwards in terms of their assignment operator or copy constructor. Consequently, references and iterators to elements after the insertion point become invalidated. [8]
The C++ Standard Library also supports for_each, [10] that applies each element to a function, which can be any predefined function or a lambda expression. While range-based for is only from the start to the end, the range or direction can be changed by altering the first two parameters.
The operation of adding an element to the rear of the queue is known as enqueue, and the operation of removing an element from the front is known as dequeue. Other operations may also be allowed, often including a peek or front operation that returns the value of the next element to be dequeued without dequeuing it.
Union types (C/C++ language) Permits storing types of different data sizes; it is hard to ensure which type is stored in a union upon retrieval however and should be carefully followed. Type conversion Templates or Generics Ensures reusability and type safety; may be thought as a reverse inheritance.
The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library originally designed by Alexander Stepanov for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library. It provides four components called algorithms , containers , functions , and iterators .
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
If no element matches the predicate, a default value is returned. ElementAt The ElementAt operator retrieves the element at a given index in the collection. Any / All The Any operator checks, if there are any elements in the collection matching the predicate. It does not select the element, but returns true if at least one element is matched.