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The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. [1]
The Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) consists of 24 books of the Masoretic Text recognized by Rabbinic Judaism. [14] There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed, with some scholars arguing that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE), [15] while others arguing that it was not fixed until the 2nd century CE or even later. [16]
The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought, Harper and Row, 1974. ISBN 0-06-043822-3. Leiman, Sid. The Canonization of Hebrew Scripture (Hamden, CT: Archon, 1976). Levenson, Jon. Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Jewish Bible (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1985). Minkoff, Harvey.
Protestants recognize 39 books in their Old Testament canon, while Roman Catholic and Eastern Christians recognize 46 books as canonical. [25] Both Catholics and Protestants use the same 27-book New Testament canon. Early Christians used the Septuagint, a Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. Christianity subsequently endorsed ...
The Book of Sirach provides evidence of a collection of sacred scriptures similar to portions of the Hebrew Bible. The book, which is dated to between 196 and 175 BCE [7] [8] (and is not included in the Jewish canon), includes a list of names of biblical figures in the same order as is found in the Torah (Law) and the Nevi'im (Prophets), and which includes the names of some men mentioned in ...
The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants (Hebrew: בְּרִיתוֹת) with God ().These include the Noahic Covenant set out in Genesis 9, which is decreed between God and all living creatures, as well as a number of more specific covenants with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings.
The Old Testament is considered canon, which is utilised in Christianity to represent a standard of faith. It was first made use of in reference to the authoritative nature of sacred scripture. [5] Authority in the Old Testament is sourced from the combination of doctrines, commandments and stories, as these are seen as the direct words of God. [8]
The State of the Printed Hebrew text of the Old Testament. Oxford. Metzger, Bruce Manning; Michael David Coogan (1993). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195046458. Montgomery, James Alan (1907). The Samaritans, the Earliest Jewish Sect: Their History, Theology and Literature. The J.C. Winston Co.
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