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  2. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    Correct operation of the petrochemical process plant is achieved through the action of control loops. [1] These automatically maintain and control the pressure, temperature, liquid level and flowrate of fluid in vessels and piping. Control loops compare the measured value of a parameter on the plant, eg. pressure, with a pre-determined set point.

  3. Christmas tree (oil well) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_tree_(oil_well)

    Functionality may be extended further by using the control system on a subsea tree to monitor, measure, and react to sensor outputs on the tree or even down the well bore. The control system attached to the tree controls the downhole safety valve (SCSSV, DHSV, SSSV) while the tree acts as an attachment and conduit means of the control system to ...

  4. Process plant shutdown systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_plant_shutdown_systems

    Although functionally separate, process control and shutdown systems are usually interfaced under one system, called an integrated control and safety system (ICSS). Shutdown systems typically use equipment that is SIL 2 certified as a minimum, whereas control systems can start with SIL 1. SIL applies to both hardware and software requirements ...

  5. Production tubing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_tubing

    The production liner has the same function as a complete string of production casing. A typical casing arrangement in a well is shown in the diagram below. In this case, the surface casing is set to a depth of about 3,000 ft (910 m). Two intermediate strings are set in this well — a 13 + 3 ⁄ 8 in (340 mm) string and a 9 + 7 ⁄ 8 in (250 mm ...

  6. Petroleum production engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_production...

    Petroleum production engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering. Petroleum production engineers design and select subsurface equipment to produce oil and gas well fluids . [ 1 ] They often are degreed as petroleum engineers , although they may come from other technical disciplines (e.g., mechanical engineering , chemical engineering ...

  7. Well control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_control

    Well control is the technique used in oil and gas operations such as drilling, well workover and well completion for maintaining the hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure to prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore.

  8. Petroleum engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering

    Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. [1] Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil ...

  9. Oil well control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well_control

    As technology has advanced, more modern drillers have better control of the overall well. Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere.