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Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles [ citation needed ] .
Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains).
The following species in the flowering plant genus Cirsium, the plume thistles, are accepted by Plants of the World Online. [1] A 2022 molecular study reassigned many species to other genera, but Cirsium remains a speciose genus. [ 2 ]
Cirsium arvense is a C3 carbon fixation plant. [12] The C3 plants originated during Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras, and tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, and ground water is plentiful. C 3 plants lose 97% of the water taken up through their roots to transpiration. [13]
Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859) described var. megacanthum as "one of the most terribly armed plants in the genus." [8] [9] Cirsium horridulum is a biennial herb up to 250 centimetres (100 in) tall, with a large taproot and fleshy side roots that sometimes sprout new shoots. Leaves are up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long with thick, sharp spines along ...
Cirsium occidentale is a biennial plant or perennial plant forming a taproot. It may be short or quite tall, forming low clumps or towering to heights approaching 3 meters (10 feet). The leaves are dull gray-green to bright white due to a coating of hairs, and the most basal ones on large plants may be nearly 0.5 m (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) in length.
Cirsium eriophorum, the woolly thistle, [2] is a herbaceous biennial species of flowering plant in the genus Cirsium of the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Europe. It is a large biennial plant with sharp spines on the tips of the leaves, and long
Cirsium altissimum is, as the name implies, a tall herb, sometimes reaching as much as 400 cm (13 ft) in sunny areas and 150 cm (5 ft) in the shade. It is a biennial or perennial plant, blooming only once before dying. In its first year, the plant appears as a rosette of leaves, slightly hairy, with small spines along the leaf margins. The ...