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LMWHs, in contrast, consist of only short chains of polysaccharides. LMWHs are defined as heparin salts having an average molecular weight of less than 8000 Da and for which at least 60% of all chains have a molecular weight less than 8000 Da. Various methods of fractionation or depolymerization of polymeric heparin obtain these.
Semuloparin (INN, USAN) is an experimental antithrombotic being developed by Sanofi-Aventis and belongs to the group of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). [1] It has completed Phase III clinical trials for the prevention of thromboembolism following various kinds of surgery such as hip replacement, [2] as well as for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
"NCI Drug Dictionary".National Cancer Institute. 2 February 2011; Shafiq N, Malhotra S, Pandhi P, Sharma N, Bhalla A, Grover A (2006). "A randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness and effect on PAI-1 levels of the three low-molecular-weight heparins--enoxaparin, nadroparin and dalteparin.
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Like semuloparin, bemiparin is classified as an ultra-LMWH because of its low molecular mass of 3600 g/mol on average. [3] ( Enoxaparin has 4500 g/mol.) These heparins have lower anti-thrombin activity than classical LMWHs and act mainly on factor Xa, reducing the risk of bleeding.
Not shown below are the rare disaccharides containing a 3-O-sulfated glucosamine (GlcNS(3S,6S)) or a free amine group (GlcNH 3 +). Under physiological conditions, the ester and amide sulfate groups are deprotonated and attract positively charged counterions to form a heparin salt. Heparin is usually administered in this form as an anticoagulant.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as an essential alternative to conventional anticoagulants, such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), due to their rapid onset of action, predictable pharmacokinetics, fixed dosing, and lower risk of bleeding. DOACs can also facilitate home treatment and ...
Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism; [9] prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation and/or cardiac valve replacement; [9] and reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic embolization after ...