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Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology, also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology, is a sub-specialty of anesthesiology that provides peripartum (time directly preceding, during or following childbirth) [1] pain relief for labor and anesthesia (suppress consciousness) for cesarean deliveries ('C-sections').
Kathryn Ann Kelly "Kelly" McQueen (born June 27, 1962) is an American anesthesiologist and global health expert. She currently practices anesthesiology at the UW Health University Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin [1] and serves as the chair for the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health.
Gertie Florentine Marx (1912–2004) was an obstetric anesthesiologist, "internationally known as 'the mother of obstetric anaesthesia'". [1] Marx pioneered the use of epidural analgesia during childbirth, and was the founding editor of the quarterly Obstetric Anesthesia Digest. [2]
African-American women have been practicing medicine informally in the contexts of midwifery and herbalism for centuries. Those skilled as midwives, like Biddy Mason, worked both as slaves and as free women in their trades. Others, like Susie King Taylor and Ann Bradford Stokes, served as nurses in the Civil War.
After graduating from the Women's Hospital School of Nursing in 1889, Magaw worked as a private duty nurse in Chicago. In 1893, Magaw became the anesthetist for Drs. William J. and Charles H. Mayo at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minn., a position she held until 1908 when she married Dr. George Kessel. [2]
The presence of women in medicine, particularly in the practicing fields of surgery and as physicians, has been traced to the earliest of history.Women have historically had lower participation levels in medical fields compared to men with occupancy rates varying by race, socioeconomic status, and geography.
Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7, 1974) was an American physician, [1] [2] obstetrical anesthesiologist [3] and medical researcher, [4] best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. [5]
In 1885, Furdoonji began her studies and was one of five women to enroll in medical courses at Hyderabad Medical College. [1] In 1889, she obtained a degree of Hakeem, equivalent to that of a Medical Doctor. Subsequently, she pursued a medical degree from Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore.