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The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex.
The following articles are lists of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in populations around the world. Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group; Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe; Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus; Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East; Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
In this process, an X chromosome and a Y chromosome act to determine the sex of offspring, often due to genes located on the Y chromosome that code for maleness. Offspring have two sex chromosomes: an offspring with two X chromosomes (XX) will develop female characteristics, and an offspring with an X and a Y chromosome (XY) will develop male ...
While all human chromosomes contain repeats, more than 30 million letters of the Y chromosome — out of 62.5 million — are repetitive sequences, sometimes called satellite DNA or junk DNA.
Among the six species, the Y chromosome exhibited much more variability than the X chromosome. For example, the X chromosomes of humans and chimpanzees are about 98 percent identical in makeup.
In 2021, scientists reported sequencing a complete, female genome (i.e., without the Y chromosome). [4] [3] The human Y chromosome, consisting of 62,460,029 base pairs from a different cell line and found in all males, was sequenced completely in January 2022. [5] The current version of the standard reference genome is called GRCh38.p14 (July ...
Ten sex chromosomes. Males have X 1 Y 1 X 2 Y 2 X 3 Y 3 X 4 Y 4 X 5 Y 5, females have X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 X 3 X 3 X 4 X 4 X 5 X 5. [83] [84] 139 Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 52 This is for the cultivated species G. hirsutum (allotetraploid, 2n=4x=52). This species accounts for 90% of the world cotton production.
Researchers on Wednesday unveiled the first complete sequence of the human Y chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes - the X chromosome being the other - and is typically passed down ...