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While in Rome and under Flavian patronage, Josephus wrote all of his known works. Although he only ever calls himself "Josephus" in his writings, later historians refer to him as "Flavius Josephus", confirming that he adopted the nomen Flavius from his patrons, as was the custom amongst freedmen .
Patronage (clientela) was the distinctive relationship in ancient Roman society between the patronus ('patron') and their cliens ('client'). Apart from the patron-client relationship between individuals, there were also client kingdoms and tribes, whose rulers were in a subordinate relationship to the Roman state.
This was not the only episode of "patronage" in Gaul at the time of its conquest (58-50 BCE). The beginnings of the Roman "patronage" system in Britain occurred with Caesar, who, having first landed on the island in 55 B.C., put Mandubracius back on the throne of the Trinovantes after he had been ousted by Cassivellaunus. [23]
Josephus wrote all of his surviving works after his establishment in Rome (c. AD 71) under the patronage of the Flavian Emperor Vespasian. As is common with ancient texts, however, there are no known manuscripts of Josephus' works that can be dated before the 11th century, and the oldest which do survive were copied by Christian monks. [ 17 ]
This patronage system was one of the class relations that most tightly bound Roman society together, while also protecting patrician social privileges. [2] Clientela continued into the late Roman society, spanning almost the entirety of the existence of ancient Rome. [2]
A leaf from the 1466 manuscript of the Antiquitates Iudaice, National Library of Poland. Antiquities of the Jews (Latin: Antiquitates Iudaicae; Greek: Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία, Ioudaikē archaiologia) is a 20-volume historiographical work, written in Greek, by historian Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Domitian, which was 94 CE. [1]
Notably, Josephus, a Roman citizen and former general in the Galilee, who survived the Jewish–Roman wars of the 1st century, was a Jew who was captured by and cooperated with the Romans, and wrote his books under Roman patronage.
The story of Mary of Bethezuba is a story of cannibalism told by Josephus in his "Jewish War" (VI,193) [1] which occurred as a consequence of famine and starvation during the siege of Jerusalem in August AD 70 by Roman legions commanded by Titus. The tale is only one account of the horrors suffered at Jerusalem in the summer of 70.