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Historical simulation in finance's value at risk (VaR) analysis is a procedure for predicting the value at risk by 'simulating' or constructing the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of assets returns over time assuming that future returns will be directly sampled from past returns.
Returns-based, or factor-based, attribution methods also began to be developed after the 1970s; these attribution methods require time series return data of a portfolio, and may require time series return data of securities held in that portfolio and of explanatory factor portfolios to conduct performance attribution. These methods do not ...
The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.
(See tables of classes below.) Where a general class based on the nature of the asset applies (00.xx classes below), that class takes precedence over the use class. For each class, three lives are specified: one for regular depreciation (GDS in the tables below), one for the alternative depreciation system (ADS), and a class life.
Then (,,) are risk exposure values calculated from fundamental and technical data, (,) are factor returns determined by a cross-sectional regression for each time period and (,) are the regression residuals. This model was reformulated by Rosenberg et al. into a direct model of asset return,
Return and rate of return are sometimes treated as interchangeable terms, but the return calculated by a method such as the time-weighted method is the holding period return per dollar (or per some other unit of currency), not per year (or other unit of time), unless the holding period happens to be one year. Annualization, which means ...
The weighted average return on assets, or WARA, is the collective rates of return on the various types of tangible and intangible assets of a company.. The presumption of a WARA is that each class of a company's asset base (such as manufacturing equipment, contracts, software, brand names, etc.) carries its own rate of return, each unique to the asset's underlying operational risk as well as ...
A year loss table (YLT) is a table that lists historical or simulated years, with financial losses for each year. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] YLTs are widely used in catastrophe modeling as a way to record and communicate historical or simulated losses from catastrophes.