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  2. Foramen magnum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_magnum

    The foramen magnum is a very important feature in bipedal mammals. One of the attributes of a biped's foramen magnum is a forward shift of the anterior border of the cerebellar tentorium; this is caused by the shortening of the cranial base. Studies on the foramen magnum position have shown a connection to the functional influences of both ...

  3. Lateral parts of occipital bone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_parts_of_occipital...

    The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum.

  4. Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due...

    The foramen magnum is located inferiorly under the skull, which puts much of the weight of the head behind the spine. The flat human face helps to maintain balance on the occipital condyles . Because of this, the erect position of the head is possible without the prominent supraorbital ridges and the strong muscular attachments found in, for ...

  5. Basilar part of occipital bone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone

    The basilar part of the occipital bone (also basioccipital) extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline. In the young skull, this area is rough and uneven, and is joined to the body of the sphenoid by a plate of cartilage. By the twenty-fifth year, this cartilaginous ...

  6. Orthograde posture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthograde_posture

    The foramen magnum is the space in the skull that acts as the bridge to the central nervous system from the spinal cord to the brain. For animals with "pronograde posture, the foramen magnum is dorsally oriented, whereas in humans it is anteriorly located and forwardly inclined. [10] In the Taung Child despite lacking the forward inclination ...

  7. Occipital bone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_bone

    The foramen magnum (Latin: large hole) is a large oval foramen longest front to back; it is wider behind than in front where it is encroached upon by the occipital condyles. The clivus, a smooth bony section, travels upwards on the front surface of the foramen, and the median internal occipital crest travels behind it. [3]

  8. Neurocranium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocranium

    Orange: Temporal bone (2) Green: Occipital bone (1) Red: Ethmoid bone (1) In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan, [ 1 ][ 2 ] is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain. [ 3 ] In the human skull, the neurocranium includes the calvaria or skullcap.

  9. Occipital condyles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_condyles

    The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the ...