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A jugular foramen is one of the two (left and right) large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal. It is formed by the temporal bone and the occipital bone. It allows many structures to pass, including the inferior petrosal sinus, three cranial nerves, the sigmoid sinus, and meningeal arteries.
The glossopharyngeal nerve (/ ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪn (d) ʒiəl, - ˌfærənˈdʒiːəl / [1]), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, [2] is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor), it ...
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae. Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh. Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis. Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch.
Upon leaving the medulla oblongata between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, the vagus nerve extends through the jugular foramen, then passes into the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein down to the neck, chest, and abdomen, where it contributes to the innervation of the viscera, reaching all the way to the colon.
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy. [edit on Wikidata] The superior ganglion of the vagus nerve (jugular ganglion) is a sensory ganglion of the peripheral nervous system. It is located within the jugular foramen, where the vagus nerve exits the skull. It is smaller than and proximal to the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve. [1][2]
Jugular foramen syndrome. Jugular foramen syndrome. Human brain inferior view showing cranial nerves. Jugular foramen syndrome, or Vernet's syndrome, is characterized by paresis of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and accessory (with or without the hypoglossal) nerves. [1][2]
In the jugular foramen, it receives one or two filaments from the cranial part of the nerve, or else joins it for a short distance and then separates from it again. As it exits from the jugular foramen, it runs backward in front of the internal jugular vein in 66.6% of cases, and behind it in 33% of cases.
The nerve travels along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen. [1] Leaving the skull, the nerve travels through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. [8] The spinal accessory nerve is notable for being the only cranial nerve to both enter and exit the skull.