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The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.
The date used as the end of the ancient era is arbitrary. The transition period from Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages is known as Late Antiquity.Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's ...
The art of Mesopotamia has survived in the record from early hunter-gatherer societies (8th millennium BC) on to the Bronze Age cultures of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. These empires were later replaced in the Iron Age by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires .
Sumer (/ ˈ s uː m ər /) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
3500–2340 BC – Sumer: wheeled carts, potter's wheel, White Temple ziggurat, bronze tools and weapons. [2] First to Fourth dynasty of Kish in Mesopotamia. Sumerian temple of Janna at Eridu erected. Temple at Al-Ubaid and tomb of Mes-Kalam-Dug built near Ur, Chaldea. 3000 BC – Tin is in use in Mesopotamia soon after this time. [3] [page needed]
c. 1900 BC: Minoan Old Palace (Protopalatial) period starts in Crete. c. 1900 BC: Fall of last Sumerian dynasty. c. 1900 BC: Late Harappan phase of the Indus Valley civilization begins; c. 1900 BC: The Mokaya along the Pacific coast of present-day Chiapas, Mexico were preparing cacao beverages. [3] c. 1900 BC: Port of Lothal is abandoned.
c. 3500 BC: Pictographic proto-writing starts developing towards writing proper in Sumer, thus starting what is technically considered history. c. 3500 BC: The first monument of which there is still a trace (Duma na nGiall) is built on the Hill of Tara, the ancient seat of the High King of Ireland. [2] c. 3500 BC: Tin is discovered.
Cylinder seal, c. 1822 –1763 B.C. Isin-Larsa. Shu-Ilishu (fl. c. 1920—1900 BCE by the short chronology) was the 2nd ruler of the Dynasty of Isin.He reigned for 10 years (according to his extant year-names and a single copy of the SKL, [i 6] which differs from the 20 years recorded by others.) [i 7] [8] Šu-ilišu was preceded by Išbi-erra.