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The programme carried out six crewed spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The program was the first program to put humans into space, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man in space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1. [79] Gherman Titov became the first person to stay in orbit for a full day on August 7, 1961, aboard the Vostok 2. [80]
Gemini 6A/Gemini 7: 3 February 1966: First soft landing on another world (the Moon). First photos from another world. USSR Luna 9 [19] 1 March 1966: First impact into another planet (Venus). USSR Venera 3: 16 March 1966: First orbital docking between two spacecraft. USA (NASA) Gemini 8/Agena target vehicle: 3 April 1966
Yuri Gagarin became the first Soviet and the first human to reach space, on Vostok 1. 5 May 1961 Alan Shepard became the first American to reach space, on Freedom 7. 20 February 1962 John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. 16 June 1963 Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to go into space and to orbit the Earth. 2 March 1978
Shepard and Grissom had named their spacecraft Freedom 7 and Liberty Bell 7. The numeral 7 had originally been the production number of Shepard's spacecraft, but had come to represent the Mercury 7. Glenn named his spacecraft, number 13, Friendship 7, and had the name hand-painted on the side like the one on his F-86 had been. [85]
Base diameter at the blunt end was 6.0 feet (1.8 m) and length was 10.8 feet (3.3 m); with the launch escape system added, the overall length was 25.9 feet (7.9 m). [120] With 100 cubic feet (2.8 m 3 ) of habitable volume, the capsule was just large enough for a single astronaut. [ 121 ]
In 1865, Secchi began classifying stars into spectral types. [96] The first evidence of helium was observed on August 18, 1868, as a bright yellow spectral line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun. The line was detected by French astronomer Jules Janssen during a total solar eclipse in Guntur ...
Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth , but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit.
[1] Space colonization (or extraterrestrial colonization) is the settlement or colonization of outer space and astronomical bodies. The concept in its broad sense has been applied to any permanent human presence in space, such as a space habitat or other extraterrestrial settlements. [2]