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Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax. [1] In other words, the income over which the government imposed tax. Generally, it includes some or all items of income and is reduced by expenses and other deductions. [2] The amounts included as income, expenses, and other deductions vary by country or system.
Donors of gifts in excess of the annual exclusion must file gift tax returns on IRS Form 709 [100] and pay the tax. Executors of estates with a gross value in excess of the unified credit must file an estate tax return on IRS Form 706 [101] and pay the tax from the estate. Returns are required if the gifts or gross estate exceed the exclusions.
The rate of tax is 30% of the gross income, unless reduced by a tax treaty. Nonresident aliens are subject to U.S. federal income tax on some, but not all capital gains. [45] Wages may be treated as effectively connected income, or may be subject to the flat 30% tax, depending on the facts and circumstances.
Note that although self-employed individuals pay 12.4%, this is mitigated two ways. First, half of the amount of the tax is reduced from salary before figuring the tax (you don't pay Social Security tax on the tax your employer pays for you.) Second, the "employer" half is an adjustment to income on the front page of Form 1040.
Some jurisdictions impose the higher of an income tax or a tax on an alternative base or measure of income. Taxable income of taxpayers' resident in the jurisdiction is generally total income less income producing expenses and other deductions. Generally, only net gain from the sale of property, including goods held for sale, is included in income.
Approximately 93% of the working population in the United States are employees earning a salary or wage. [1] Typically, cash compensation consists of a wage or salary, and may include commissions or bonuses. Benefits consist of retirement plans, health insurance, life insurance, disability insurance, vacation, employee stock ownership plans, etc.
Taxes withheld include federal income tax, [3] Social Security and Medicare taxes, [4] state income tax, and certain other levies by a few states. Income tax withheld on wages is based on the amount of wages less an amount for declared withholding allowances (often called exemptions). [5]
The base taxable amount is equal to the adjusted gross income determined on a payers federal tax return. The taxable amount can be lowered by applying several income tax deductions . The largest deductions in 2013 were a $3,000 deduction for rent paid and a deduction equal to the amount of taxes paid out of state.