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Major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, [3] [4] and characterised by the presence of a distinctive organelle called the kinetoplast (hence the name), a granule containing a large mass of DNA.
Main article: Human parasite Endoparasites Protozoan organisms Common name of organism or disease Latin name (sorted) Body parts affected Diagnostic specimen Prevalence Source/Transmission (Reservoir/Vector) Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection) Acanthamoeba spp. eye, brain, skin culture worldwide contact lenses cleaned with contaminated tap water ...
Once in the trachea, the worms are coughed up into the pharynx and then swallowed again, after which they pass through the stomach and into the small intestine, where they mature into adult worms. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] The adult worms begin producing fertilized eggs within 60–65 days of being swallowed; [ 7 ] females produce as many as 200,000 eggs per ...
Bipalium is a genus of large predatory land planarians. They are often loosely called " hammerhead worms " or " broadhead planarians " because of the distinctive shape of their head region. Land planarians are unique in that they possess a "creeping sole", a highly ciliated region on the ventral epidermis that helps them to creep over the ...
These worms can reach a length of 3 m (9 ft 10 in), [3] and their tubular bodies have a diameter of 4 cm (1.6 in). Its common name "giant tube worm" is, however, also applied to the largest living species of shipworm , Kuphus polythalamius , which despite the name "worm", is a bivalve mollusc rather than an annelid .
The parasitologist F. E. G. Cox noted that "Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with during our relatively short history on Earth". [3]
However, some are symbiotes of other animals, such as crustaceans, and some are parasites. Free-living turbellarians are mostly black, brown or gray, but some larger ones are brightly colored. [ 5 ] The Acoela and Nemertodermatida were traditionally regarded as turbellarians, [ 13 ] [ 19 ] but are now regarded as members of a separate phylum ...