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The MasSpec Pen is a mass spectrometry (MS) based cancer detection and diagnosis system that can be used for ex vivo [1] and in vivo [2] tissue sample analysis. The system collects biological molecules from a tissue sample surface via a solid-liquid extraction mechanism and transports the molecules to a mass spectrometer for analysis.
The mRNA-based disease diagnosis technologies have been applied to medical field widely in recent years, especially on early diagnosis of tumors (such as renal cell carcinoma, [2] hepatocellular carcinoma, [3] [4] breast cancer [5] and prostate cancer [6]). The technology can be applied to various types of samples depending on how easily the ...
Lung scintigraphy evaluating lung cancer. A diagnostic test is a procedure performed to confirm or determine the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having a disease, usually following the report of symptoms, or based on other medical test results. [1] [2] This includes posthumous diagnosis. Examples of such tests are:
In microbiology, in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism, rather than in live isolated cells, for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies. In this situation, the more specific term is ex vivo. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro. [citation needed]
Breast cancer cells incubated with aptamers that bind selectively to biomarkers on the cancer cells, but not to healthy cells. Aptamers are linked to Alexa Fluor 594, a molecule that glows red under UV light. This type of test allows a doctor or researcher to identify cancer cells in a tissue sample from a patient.
Molecular diagnostics tool can be used for cancer risk assessment. For example, the BRCA1/2 test by Myriad Genetics assesses women for lifetime risk of breast cancer. [22] Also, some cancers are not always employed with clear symptoms. It is useful to analyze people when they do not show obvious symptoms and thus can detect cancer at early stages.
Genetic, [1] epigenetic, [2] proteomic, [3] glycomic, [4] and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. Ideally, such biomarkers can be assayed in non-invasively collected biofluids like blood or serum. [5] Cancer is a disease that affects society at a world-wide level.
The most common example of molecular imaging used clinically today is to inject a contrast agent (e.g., a microbubble, metal ion, or radioactive isotope) into a patient's bloodstream and to use an imaging modality (e.g., ultrasound, MRI, CT, PET) to track its movement in the body.