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A flap of tissue called the soft palate blocks off the pharynx from the mouth (oral cavity) of the horse, except when swallowing. This helps to prevent the horse from inhaling food, but does not allow use of the mouth to breathe when in respiratory distress, a horse can only breathe through its nostrils.
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease of horses. There is evidence that the disease is caused by infection with a gammaherpesvirus, equine herpesvirus 5. The disease affects usually adult horses reducing the ability to exercise as a result of the formation of nodular lesions in the lungs. [1]
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
Recurrent airway obstruction, also known as broken wind, heaves, wind-broke horse, or sometimes by the term usually reserved for humans, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or disorder (COPD) – it is a respiratory disease or chronic condition of horses involving an allergic bronchitis characterised by wheezing, coughing and laboured breathing.
Normal horse teeth. A young horse with a parrot mouth. An equine malocclusion is a misalignment between the upper and lower jaws of a horse or other equine.It results in a faulty bite with the upper and lower teeth failing to meet correctly. [1]
The disease has a nearly 100% infection rate in an unvaccinated horse population with no prior exposure to the virus. [ 5 ] While equine influenza is historically not known to affect humans, impacts of past outbreaks have been devastating due to the economic reliance on horses for communication (postal service), military (cavalry), and general ...
Therefore, horses with dental problems (e.g. acquired or congenital malocclusion, loose or missing teeth, or excessively sharp dental ridges) that do not allow them to completely grind their food are particularly at risk. [2] [3] In addition, horses that bolt their feed and do not take the time to chew properly are more likely to suffer from choke.
The callus formed due to splint bone injury can become large and put pressure on the suspensory ligament. Bone heals by formation of a callus over the defective area. Speed and quality of healing is directly related to the blood supply and fracture stability. Rest is required immediately following injury to reduce movement of the fracture site.