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The solubility of mitragynine from kratom in neutral-pH and alkaline water is very low (0.0187 mg/ml at pH 9). [20] The solubility of mitragynine in acidic water is higher (3.5 mg/ml at pH 4), however, this alkaloid can become unstable, so certain products, such as low-pH beverages, have a very short shelf life. [ 20 ]
Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. [6] [9] It is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. [9]
Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...
[9] [10] Overdose of only a small number of capsules can be fatal. [10] Chewing or sucking on the capsule, releasing the drug into the mouth, can also lead to laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and circulatory collapse. [7] It is unclear if use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [11] Benzonatate is a local anesthetic and voltage-gated sodium ...
Xanax 0.25 mg. (top row), 0.5 mg. (middle row), and 1 mg. (bottom row) tablets. The maximum recommended daily dose is 10 milligrams per day. [9] Overdoses of alprazolam can be mild to severe depending on the quantity ingested and if other drugs are taken in combination. [65] Alprazolam overdoses cause excess central nervous system (CNS ...
Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [4]
Although trimetazidine was already developed for medical use in the 1970s, it only became listed in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited substances list under the category of "hormone and metabolic modulators" in 2014, [7] [8] and its use is prohibited at all times "in- and out-of-competition." [9]
Ranitidine, previously sold under the brand name Zantac [a] among others, is a medication used to decrease stomach acid production. [12] It was commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. [12] It can be given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or injection into a vein.