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In botany, a stoma (pl.: stomata, from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), also called a stomate (pl.: stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere.
The leaf and stem epidermis is covered with pores called stomata (sing; stoma), part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells, and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts. The stomata complex regulates the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the ...
Cladode – a flattened stem that performs the function of a leaf; an example is the pad of the opuntia cactus. Cladophyll – a flattened stem that is leaf-like and green – used for photosynthesis. Normally such plants have no, or greatly reduced, leaves. Climbing – typically long stems that cling to other objects.
Poisonous berries. In autumn, the lower ring of (female) flowers forms a cluster of bright red, berries up to 5 cm long [5] which remain after the spathe and other leaves have withered away. These attractive red to orange berries are extremely poisonous. The root-tuber may be very big and is used to store starch. In mature specimens, the tuber ...
Kiwi berries are packed with vitamins, fiber, magnesium, potassium and antioxidants, like most of the berries on this list. One serving boasts five times the vitamin C of an orange , as well as 2 ...
stem attachment: A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center, e.g. a lotus leaf perfoliate: perfoliatus: stem attachment: With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf perforate: perforatus: leaf surface features Many holes, or perforations, on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate ...
The stem can also be called the culm, halm, haulm, stalk, or thyrsus. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: [2] The nodes are the points of attachment for leaves and can hold one or more leaves. There are sometimes axillary buds between the stem and leaf which can grow into branches (with leaves, conifer cones, or flowers). [2]
The stem is usually red late in the season. There is an upright, erect central stem early in the season, which changes to a spreading, horizontal form later with the weight of the berries. The plant dies back to the roots each winter. The stem has a chambered pith. Leaves: The leaves are alternate with coarse texture with moderate porosity ...