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Pulmonary artery hypertension and emphysema as seen on a CT scan with contrast. Signs of pulmonary hypertension on CT scan of the chest are: Enlargement of the pulmonary trunk (measured at its bifurcation). It is, however, a poor predictor of pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease. [62]
A pulmonary artery wedge pressure being less than 15 mmHg (also measured by right heart catheterization) excludes post-capillary bed (in the veins distal to the capillary bed) pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subgroup of pulmonary hypertension and is categorized as World Health Organization as group 1. [3]
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous intimal thickening result in progressive increase in vascular resistance. [1] It is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension, and occurs predominantly in young adults.
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by progressive blockage of the small veins in the lungs. [2] The blockage leads to high blood pressures in the arteries of the lungs, which, in turn, leads to heart failure .
A CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is a medical diagnostic test that employs computed tomography (CT) angiography to obtain an image of the pulmonary arteries. Its main use is to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE). [ 1 ]
Surgical anastomosis attaches the intrapulmonary branches of the affected pulmonary artery to the hilum of the lung. [2] [7] After revascularization, systemic blood flow from the heart to the lung returns to normal. The removal of obstruction causes a partial reduction in collateral arteries. [8] Pulmonary hypertension is improved post-surgery. [7]
Increased pulmonary arterial and capillary pressures (pulmonary hypertension) secondary to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. [9] [11] Increased capillary pressure (hydrostatic pressure) with over-distention of the capillary beds and increased permeability of the vascular endothelium, also known as "stress failure."
Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25 mmHg. [ 13 ] : 720 A pulmonary artery diameter of more than 29 mm (measured on a CT scan ) is often used as an indicator for pulmonary hypertension. [ 16 ]
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