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The goal of argument mining is the automatic extraction and identification of argumentative structures from natural language text with the aid of computer programs. [22] Such argumentative structures include the premise, conclusions, the argument scheme and the relationship between the main and subsidiary argument, or the main and counter ...
Opposing counsel could raise an argumentative objection. In this context, "negligently" is a legal term of art with a precise and narrow meaning, and the witness cannot reasonably answer the question without understanding the relevant law. Since the lawyer is "arguing" his case that John Doe was driving negligently through the witness, the ...
Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. [23] Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument.
In argumentation theory, a term (or notion) is that part of a statement in an argument which refers to a specific thing. A term is usually, but not always expressed as a noun. According to Essentials of Logic, the word is derived from the Latin "terminus." [1] One of the requirements to informally prove a conclusion with a deductive argument is ...
Tmesis – separating the parts of a compound word by a different word (or words) to create emphasis or other similar effects. Topos – a line or specific type of argument. Toulmin model – a method of diagramming arguments created by Stephen Toulmin that identifies such components as backing, claim, data, qualifier, rebuttal, and warrant.
Oral argument at the appellate level accompanies written briefs, which also advance the argument of each party in the legal dispute. A closing argument, or summation, is the concluding statement of each party's counsel reiterating the important arguments for the trier of fact, often the jury, in a court case. A closing argument occurs after the ...
The Trump administration is arguing that courts are attempting "to seize executive power" as the president seeks to fire federal employees, an argument the court will likely side with, experts say.
A term that refers to the same object in all possible worlds where that object exists, used in discussions of necessity and identity across possible worlds. Robinson arithmetic A fragment of Peano arithmetic that omits the axiom schema of induction, serving as a foundation for arithmetic that is weaker but still expressive. Ross paradox