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DIOS was previously known as meconium ileus equivalent, a name which highlights its similarity to the intestinal obstruction seen in newborn infants with cystic fibrosis. [2] DIOS tends to occur in older individuals with pancreatic insufficiency .
Radiographs in meconium ileus classically demonstrate a bubbly appearance in the right lower quadrant due to a combination of ingested air and meconium. If, on contrast enema, reflux into the dilated distal small bowel loops can be achieved, the study is both diagnostic and therapeutic, as the ionic contrast medium can dissolve the meconium to ...
Meconium peritonitis; X-ray of a newborn with meconium pseudocyst resulting from bowel perforation. In this case the cause was atresia of the terminal ileum.There is a fine rim of calcification surrounding the big pseudocyst which shifts the other intestinal structures outwards.
The presence of meconium ileus is not related to the severity of the cystic fibrosis. [4] The obstruction can be relieved in a number of ways. [5] Meconium ileus should be distinguished from meconium plug syndrome, in which a tenacious mass of mucus prevents the meconium from passing and there is no risk of intestinal perforation. Meconium ...
However, instances with symptoms and signs of a bowel obstruction occur, but with the absence of a mechanical obstruction, mainly in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, Ogilvie's syndrome. [3] In 2023 the US FDA reported gastrointestinal ileus as an adverse effect of the medication semaglutide , with frequency and causal relationship unknown.
Although meconium and umbilical cord tissue testing provides a larger window of observation for substance exposure, it is not recommended if the mother is already receiving treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) with frequent toxicology testing since this will not provide any additional information.
Treatment targets nutritional support, improving intestinal motility, and minimizing surgical intervention. [4] Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine can occur in chronic cases – presenting as malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies [12] – which may require the use of antibiotics.
[2] [3] In severe cases of bowel obstruction or constipation (such as those related to clozapine treatment) fecal vomiting has been identified as a cause of death. [4] Fecal vomiting occurs when the bowel is obstructed for some reason, and intestinal contents cannot move normally.