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Of note, other structural proteins in the epidermis of the skin that are closely related to keratins may also cause disease if mutated. Examples include: Cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in structural proteins within the epidermis, excluding keratin proteins
Harlequin-type ichthyosis is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene. [4] This gene codes for a protein necessary for transporting lipids out of cells in the outermost layer of skin. [4] The disorder is autosomal recessive and inherited from parents who are carriers. [4] Diagnosis is often based on appearance at birth and confirmed by genetic ...
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a disorder resulting from mutations in the genes encoding keratin 5 or keratin 14. [ 1 ] : 598 [ 2 ] It is one of the major forms of epidermolysis bullosa , a group of genetic conditions that cause the skin to be very fragile and to blister easily.
Keratin protein expression within the various layers and anatomic locations of the human integumentary system Keratin type Location of expression 1: Suprabasal epidermis of skin 2 (2e) Granular layer: 3: Cornea: 4: Suprabasal epidermis of mucosa 5: Basal layer: 6a: Suprabasal palmoplantar skin 6b: Basal palmoplantar skin Nail bed Hair follicle ...
A keratin disease is a genetic disorder of one of the keratin genes. [ citation needed ] An example is monilethrix . [ 1 ] The first to be identified was epidermolysis bullosa simplex .
In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells. Parakeratosis is associated with the thinning or loss of the granular layer and is usually seen in diseases of increased cell turnover, whether inflammatory or neoplastic. Parakeratosis is seen in the plaques of psoriasis and in dandruff.
Symptoms vary in severity and extent of skin involvement. [5] The two main types are divided into one involving palms and soles and the other without. [6] EI is caused by a genetic mutation. [6] The condition involves the clumping of keratin filaments. [5] [6] The condition is rare, affecting around 1 in 200,000 to 300,000 babies. [6]
Overall, keratin type 2 plays a crucial role in maintaining the strength and integrity of the skin, hair, and nails. Mutations in keratin genes can lead to various genetic disorders that affect these tissues, such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a rare condition characterized by blistering and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes. [3]