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[clarification needed] Following the grounding of the Queen Elizabeth 2 off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 1992, [27] the emphasis for shallow water surveying migrated toward full bottom coverage surveys by employing MBES with increasing operating frequencies to further improve the spatial resolution of the soundings. Given that side scan sonar ...
Groma (surveying) Laser scanning; Level; Level staff; Measuring tape; Plane table; Pole (surveying) Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying instruments; Ranging rod; Surveyor's chain; Surveyor's compass; Tachymeter (surveying) Tape (surveying) Tellurometer; Theodolite. Half ...
Example of modern equipment for surveying (Field-Map technology): GPS, laser rangefinder and field computer allows surveying as well as cartography (creation of map in real-time) and field data collection. Before EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) laser devices, distances were measured using a variety of means.
In theory, this eliminates the need for an assistant staff member, as the operator holds the retroreflector and controls the total station from the observed point. In practice, however, an assistant surveyor is often needed when the surveying is being conducted in busy areas such as on a public carriageway or construction site.
A water level device showing both ends at the same height. A water level (Greek: Aλφαδολάστιχο or (υδροστάθμη) [Alfadolasticho]) is a siphon utilizing two or more parts of the liquid water surface to establish a local horizontal line or plane of reference.
Selection or a particular sampler type depends on the type of analysis to be performed (e.g. ambient water quality or wastewater), the type of water source (e.g. a lake or pond, small stream or large river, coastal waters or deep ocean) and other factors such as ambient environmental conditions (e.g. collection of stormwater during a rain event ...
Surveying equipment, such as levels and theodolites, are used for accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. With computerisation, electronic distance measurement (EDM) , total stations , GNSS surveying and laser scanning have supplemented (and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional optical ...
Tripod (surveying) This page was last edited on 4 October 2023, at 19:19 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ...