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The sphenomandibularis is a muscle attaching to the sphenoid bone and the mandible. [1] [2] It is a muscle of mastication. [3]Unlike most of the muscles of the human body, which had been categorized several centuries ago, the sphenomandibularis was discovered in the mid-1990s at the University of Maryland at Baltimore.
The mylohyoid muscle originates from the anterior (front) part of the mylohyoid line. [1] Rarely, the mylohyoid muscle may originate partially from other surfaces of the mandible. [ 2 ] The posterior (back) part of this line, near the alveolar margin , gives attachment to a small part of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle , and to the ...
The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted and forms the lateral part of a horseshoe like process that extends from the inferior aspect of the sphenoid bone, and serves as the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle, which functions in allowing the mandible to move in a lateral and medial direction, or from side-to-side.
It is a concave surface on the medial side of the neck of the condyloid process of the mandible. It is located posterior to the mandibular notch and inferior to the mandibular condyle. The pterygoid fovea is the site of insertion for the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. [1] [2]
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
The mandible is moved primarily by the four muscles of mastication: the masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and the temporalis. These four muscles, all innervated by V 3, or the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, work in different groups to move the mandible in different directions. Contraction of the lateral pterygoid acts ...
This also supplies the tensor tympani muscle and the tensor veli palatini muscle. The medial pterygoid nerve is a main trunk from the mandibular nerve, before the division of the trigeminal nerve - this is unlike the lateral pterygoid muscle, and all other muscles of mastication which are supplied by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.
A mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible in the midline. There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle, [1] genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae ment