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In January 2017, VW pleaded guilty to the emissions scandal and agreed to pay US$4.3 billion in penalties. As of January 2019, 13 VW employees have been indicted, including former CEO Martin Winterkorn. In addition, two former executives (Oliver Schmidt and James Robert Liang) have pleaded guilty in US court and sentenced to prison terms. [10] [11]
Cars with gasoline direct injection (GDI) have been especially prone to carbon buildup, and car makers recommend fuels with higher detergent levels to combat the problem. [18] At first GDI was mainly available in high-end autos, but it is now being used in mid-range cars and economy cars, such as the Hyundai Sonata, Ford Focus and Hyundai Accent.
common rail (CR) direct diesel injection: electric low-pressure fuel lift pump, one timing belt-driven 1,600 bar (23,210 psi) injection pump, two common rail fuel rails (one per cylinder bank), piezo-electric operated fuel injectors with eight-hole nozzles for homogeneous fuel delivery, single and double pilot injection, up to four main ...
Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) high-pressure direct injection with two common rails DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes 191 kW (260 PS; 256 bhp) at 6,000 rpm; 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft) at 2,500–5000 rpm; Compression Ratio: 11.4:1 — CDVA — Škoda Superb 4x4 DSG and Volkswagen Eos 3.6
Since fuel is directly injected inside the combustion chamber, it never gets a chance to wash any contaminants behind the valves. This results in excessive carbon build up over time, hindering performance. Some engines (like Toyota's Dynamic Force engines) combine direct injection with traditional multi port fuel injection to ameliorate this ...
Carbon build-up in the intake manifold will occur when blow-by gases are allowed to permanently contaminate the intake air because of a failing PCV system. [12] Carbon build-up or oil sludge from blow-by gases on intake valves are usually not a problem in port injected engines. This is due to the fact that the fuel hits the intake valves on the ...
[15] [16] The Audi 100 was powered by the Volkswagen 2.5 R5 TDI straight-five engine which used an electronic distributor injection pump (called "VerteilerPumpe" by Volkswagen) and two-stage direct injection. The initial version of this engine generated 88 kW (118 hp) at 3,250 rpm and 275 N⋅m (203 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm.
Both share the same 88 mm (3.46 in) cylinder spacing. The latter EA113 was updated with Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) direct injection, to be topped by the 200 kW (272 PS; 268 bhp) 2.0 TFSI used in the Audi TTS. Forty million engines have been produced.