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In January 2017, VW pleaded guilty to the emissions scandal and agreed to pay US$4.3 billion in penalties. As of January 2019, 13 VW employees have been indicted, including former CEO Martin Winterkorn. In addition, two former executives (Oliver Schmidt and James Robert Liang) have pleaded guilty in US court and sentenced to prison terms. [10] [11]
This low-cost solution contradicted earlier speculation regarding the possible fitting of new injection nozzles and catalytic converters. [165] In December 2015, Volkswagen said that the affected 1.2-litre and 2.0-litre diesel engines needed only a software update.
Since fuel is directly injected inside the combustion chamber, it never gets a chance to wash any contaminants behind the valves. This results in excessive carbon build up over time, hindering performance. Some engines (like Toyota's Dynamic Force engines) combine direct injection with traditional multi port fuel injection to ameliorate this ...
At its annual media briefing on Wednesday, Volkswagen Group executives said the costs of meeting new emission tests in the EU, lowering carbon emissions globally, and launching multiple new ...
Both share the same 88 mm (3.46 in) cylinder spacing. The latter EA113 was updated with Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) direct injection, to be topped by the 200 kW (272 PS; 268 bhp) 2.0 TFSI used in the Audi TTS. Forty million engines have been produced.
Although direct injection has only become commonly used in gasoline engines since 2000, diesel engines have used fuel directly injected into the combustion chamber (or a pre-combustion chamber) since the first successful prototype in 1894. An early prototype of a GDI engine was built in Germany in 1916 for the Junkers airplane. The engine was ...
Volkswagen and a technology partner have mastered a battery manufacturing process called dry coating which if scaled up could cut the cost of cell production by hundreds of millions of euros a ...
Bosch 2,000 bar (29,010 psi) common rail (CR) (one rail per cylinder bank) direct injection: with two chain-driven high-pressure fuel pumps, fuel cooler for return line, twelve combustion chamber-sited eight-hole (0.12 mm (0.0047 in)) piezo injectors with multi-pulse injection (up to five injection operations per piston cycle, including pre ...