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  2. Heart rate variability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate_variability

    Normal Values of Standard Measures of HRV [90] Time Domain Analysis Spectral Analysis Variable Units Normal Values (mean±SD) Variable Units Normal Values (mean±SD) IBI ms 926±90 LF ms 2: 519±291 SDNN ms 50±16 HF ms 2: 657±777 RMSSD ms 42±15 LF nu 52±10 HF nu 40±10 LF/HF ratio 2.8±2.6

  3. Rate pressure product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_pressure_product

    The calculation formula is: Rate Pressure Product (RPP) = Heart Rate (HR) * Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) The units for the Heart Rate are beats per minute and for the Blood Pressure mmHg.

  4. Heart rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate

    A medical monitoring device displaying a normal human heart rate. Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm). The heart rate varies according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.

  5. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

    Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...

  6. Cardiac index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_index

    Cardiac index is a critical parameter in evaluating cardiac performance and the adequacy of tissue perfusion. In healthy adults, the normal range of cardiac index is generally between 2.6 to 4.2 L/min/m². Values below this range may indicate hypoperfusion and are often seen in conditions such as heart failure, hypovolemia, and cardiogenic shock.

  7. Heart sounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_sounds

    These are the first heart sound (S 1) and second heart sound (S 2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs , adventitious sounds , and gallop rhythms S 3 and S 4 .

  8. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

  9. Prenatal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_testing

    There are three purposes of prenatal diagnosis: (1) to enable timely medical or surgical treatment of a condition before or after birth, (2) to give the parents the chance to abort a fetus with the diagnosed condition, and (3) to give parents the chance to prepare psychologically, socially, financially, and medically for a baby with a health problem or disability, or for the likelihood of a ...