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The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or FSH receptor (FSHR) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Its activation is necessary for the hormonal functioning of FSH. FSHRs are found in the ovary, testis, and uterus.
There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. [3]
FSH has a beta subunit of 111 amino acids (FSH β), which confers its specific biologic action, and is responsible for interaction with the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. [6] The sugar portion of the hormone is covalently bonded to asparagine, and is composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, and sialic ...
The following is a list of hormones found in Humans. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses [citation needed] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier spelling gonadotrophin.
Estrogen receptor (ER) (α, β) - binds and is activated by estrogens such as estradiol, estrone, and estriol; Progesterone receptor (PR) (A, B) - binds and is activated by progestogens such as progesterone; In addition, sex steroids have been found to bind and activate membrane steroid receptors, such as estradiol and GPER.
FSH also activates steroidogenic enzymes like aromatase and 3β-HSD. Meanwhile, LH receptors on theca cells stimulate androstenedione and testosterone production, which granulosa cells convert to estradiol, demonstrating the two-cell, two-gonadotropin hypothesis of estrogen synthesis. Follicular development then progresses through stages ...
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Negative feedback of steroid hormones in both males and females controls the pulsatile nature of GnRH secretion, subsequently increasing or decreasing the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary. [1] This is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα), expressed on KNDy neurons. [4]
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