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Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, [2] [3] and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host. The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves. [4] [5] [6]
When it comes to the use of specific terms, a clear differentiation between microbiome and microbiota helps to avoid the controversy concerning the members of a microbiome. [1] Microbiota is usually defined as the assemblage of living microorganisms present in a defined environment. [64] As phages, viruses, plasmids, prions, viroids, and free ...
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
Photomicrograph of the microflora Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, 900x mag. In microbiology , collective bacteria and other microorganisms in a host are historically known as flora . Although microflora is commonly used, the term microbiota is becoming more common as microflora is a misnomer.
S. mutans is the main component of the oral microbiota. [15] A healthy oral microbiome decreases oral infections and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. However, when disturbed, it can lead to gum inflammations and bad breath. [16] Dental plaque is formed when oral microorganisms form biofilms on the surfaces of teeth.
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [1] [2] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [3] [4] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [5]
Skin microflora can be commensals, mutualistic or pathogens. Often they can be all three depending upon the strength of the person's immune system. [3] Research upon the immune system in the gut and lungs has shown that microflora aids immunity development: however such research has only started upon whether this is the case with the skin. [3]
Vaginal flora, vaginal microbiota or vaginal microbiome are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina. They were discovered by the German gynecologist Albert Döderlein in 1892 [1] and are part of the overall human flora. The amount and type of bacteria present have significant implications for an individual's overall health. [2]