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Iron ore pellets produced by LKAB, from ore mined in northern Sweden. Pellets are a processed form of iron ore utilized in the steel industry, specifically designed for direct application in blast furnaces or direct reduction plants. These pellets are spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 8 to 18 millimeters.
Main feed into a sinter plant is base mix, which consists of iron ore fines, coke fines and flux (limestone) fines. In addition to base mix, coke fines, flux fines, sinter fines, iron dust (collected from plant de-dusting system and electrostatic precipitator) and plant waste are mixed in proportion (by weight) in a rotary drum, often called mixing and nodulizing drum.
In the energy sector, wood pellets are often used to replace coal with power plants such as Drax, in England, replacing most of their coal use with woody pellet. As sustainably harvested wood does not lead to a long-term increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, wood fuels are considered to be a low-carbon form of energy. [ 10 ]
Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based and coal-based. In both cases, the objective of the process is to remove the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.) in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1,200 °C (2,190 °F)).
A pellet truck being filled at a plant in Germany. Pellets are produced by compressing the wood material which has first passed through a hammer mill to provide a uniform dough-like mass. [14] This mass is fed to a press, where it is squeezed through a die having holes of the size required, normally 6 mm diameter, sometimes 8 mm or larger.
North America's largest iron ore pellet manufacturer, Cliffs Natural Resources , will idle its Wabush Pointe Noire pellet plant in Sept-Iles, Quebec, by the end of the second quarter of 2013, the ...
English: Evolution of the world iron ore sinter production, made on sinter chain (Dwight-Lloyd process), of iron ore pellets and of pig iron. Data from Agglomération des minerais de fer , from Jacques Astier and from the IRSID .
The Corex Process is a smelting reduction process created by Primetals Technologies as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the blast furnace. [1] Presently, the majority of steel production is through the blast furnace which has to rely on coking coal [2] and requires a sinter plant in order to prepare the iron ore for reduction. [3]