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The consonant inventory of Romanian is similar to Italian. Romanian, however, lacks the palatal consonants /ɲ ʎ/ , which merged with /j/ by lenition (though /ɲ/ is retained in the Banatian regionalism), and the affricate /d͡z/ changed to /z/ by spirantization (regionally retained in the Banatian and Moldovan regionalisms).
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Romanian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
A short introduction on the general aspects of the language, major dialects and what makes it unique in terms of sound inventory, phonotactics, etc. Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet is encouraged. (Standard transliteration schemes like SAMPA are OK but not preferred.) Surround phonemic/phonetic symbols with the IPA template, like this:
In the following table, the most common variants of the graphemes are shown. The phonemes used in the table are somewhat arbitrary and are not specifically based on any one dialect (for example, the phoneme denoted /d͡ʒ/ in the table can be realised as /ʒ/, /ʐ/ or /ɟ/, depending on dialect):
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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).
The UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (or UPSID) is a statistical survey of the phoneme inventories in 451 of the world's languages.The database was created by American phonetician Ian Maddieson for the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1984 and has been updated several times.