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GPA is calculated by using the number of grade points a student earns in a given period of time. A GPA is often calculated for high school , undergraduate , and graduate students. A cumulative grade point average ( CGPA ) is the average of all the GPAs a student has achieved during their time at the institution. [ 3 ]
Some high schools, to reflect the varying skill required for different course levels, will give higher numerical grades for difficult courses, often referred to as a weighted GPA. For example, two common conversion systems used in honors and Advanced Placement courses are: A = 5 or 4.5; B = 4 or 3.5 [5] C = 3 or 2.5; D = 2 or 1.5; F = 0 [19]
Additionally, most schools calculate a student's grade point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and averaging those numerical values. Generally, American schools equate an A with a numerical value of 4.0. Most graduate schools require a 3.0 (B) average to take a degree, with C or C− being the lowest grade for course credit.
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Most colleges and universities will use either the 4-Point or 5-Point Scales when presenting final grades. When scoring individual coursework, they will use the Percent Grade, Letter Grade, or both. More importantly, Philippine universities do not have standard grade equivalence.
Colleges often use class rank as a factor in college admissions, although because of differences in grading standards between schools, admissions officers have begun to attach less weight to this factor, both for granting admission, and for awarding scholarships.
Some US universities also provide guidance for converting different grading systems into 4.0 scale grading. For example, UC Berkeley has a GPA Conversion chart for non-US grading systems. [4] The lower grade ranges in 0-100 scale are given higher grades than usual in 4.0 scale for Chinese grading systems.
Compared to the US and Canada, Mexico uses a grading system that can be converted into the US's letter grade equivalency. For example, a Mexican numeral grade of 90 can be equivalent to the US's letter grade of an A. An 80 can be converted to a B, and so on. The following chart shows the following GPA range and their equivalencies.